The high marginal tax rates created by phasing out the personal allowance are back in the news.
‘A million to pay 60% income tax within years,’ ran a recent headline in The Sunday Telegraph. The next day The Times picked up on the same story with the article ‘Inflation may leave million more workers paying 60% tax’.
How the 60% tax rate happens
In 2022/23, Yasmin expects to have an income of £100,000 and is therefore entitled to a personal allowance of £12,570. If she receives an unexpected bonus of £10,000, her total income will be £110,000 and her personal allowance will be reduced by half of the amount by which her total income exceeds £100,000 – i.e. £5,000. As a result, she will not only pay tax of £4,000 on her bonus (at 40% outside Scotland), but she will have to pay £2,000 of tax on the £5,000 of her income no longer covered by the personal allowance. The result is:
Total extra tax = £4,000 + £2,000 x 100% = 60%
Total extra income £10,000
If Yasmin received a bonus of over £25,140, she would lose all her personal allowance.
Whether either article counts as ‘news’ is debatable. The 60% income tax rate (or 61.5% on earnings in Scotland) has been around, in one form or another, since 2010/11. It is not, as The Times suggested, the result of ‘a glitch in the personal allowance regime’ but was the product of a carefully crafted piece of legislation. At the time, the aim was to raise extra revenue while keeping the threshold for the newly introduced 50% additional rate tax at £150,000.
The newspaper articles indirectly highlighted that:
- The £100,000 threshold at which the personal allowance is tapered has been unchanged since 2010; and
- The personal allowance has almost doubled since 2010, resulting in a £25,140 band of income in which the 60% rate can bite.
Both factors mean that more taxpayers are being caught as incomes rise over time.
The one piece of good news is that if you are hit by 60% income tax you may also be able to claim 60% tax relief on pension contributions or gift aid.
